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He trabajado en la UE y vuelvo a España: ¿Puedo pedir el paro?

pedir paro tras trabajar en la ue

Las personas que han estado trabajado en un país de la Unión Europea y ahora quieren regresar a España, ¿pueden pedir el paro a su vuelta? ¿Cuáles son los requisitos para solicitarlo? ¿Tengo que aportar documentación del país en el que he estado cotizando? Te resolvemos todas estas preguntas.

1. ¿Se puede cobrar el paro tras haber trabajado en la Unión Europea?

Las personas que hayan trabajado en un país de la Unión Europea acumulan esas cotizaciones a la hora de cobrar el paro en España si deciden regresar.

De este modo, van a tenerse en cuenta tanto las cotizaciones realizadas en España antes de trabajar en la UE, como las que se hayan efectuado en el país extranjero a la hora de percibir la prestación contributiva, o lo que es lo mismo, el paro.

Ahora bien, para que puedan tenerse en cuenta los días cotizados fuera de España, es necesario que la persona reúna la documentación necesaria en el país extranjero que le acredite el tiempo que ha trabajado y además será necesario volver a cotizar en España para tener derecho al paro.

Tras regresar a España, el trabajador tendrá que volver a cotizar si quiere solicitar el paro posteriormente

Vamos a ver qué documentación necesitamos antes de regresar para no perder las cotizaciones realizadas en el país extranjero y qué debe hacer la persona para poder cobrar la prestación contributiva una vez en España.

2. Documentación necesaria

Es muy importante que antes de regresar a España, el trabajador solicite en la oficina de empleo del país en el que se encuentre el Formulario U1, que es el documento que reflejará todas las cotizaciones que ha realizado en los países de la Unión Europea.

Antes de venir a España tienes que solicitar el Formulario U1 en la oficina de empleo del país que te encuentres

Acude a la oficina de empleo del país donde hayas estado trabajando.

3. El Formulario U1 (antiguo E-301)

El Formulario U1 es el antiguo E-301 y contiene todos los periodos de cotización que un trabajador ha acumulado en en países pertenecientes a la Unión Europea, y por tanto, sirve para acreditar ante el SEPE los días cotizados en el país extranjero a efectos de cobrar una prestación por desempleo.

Países donde se puede solicitar el Formulario U1

Alemania Austria Bélgica Bulgaria Chipre
Croacia Dinamarca Eslovenia España Estonia
Finlandia Francia Grecia Holanda Hungría
Irlanda Italia Letonia Lituania Luxemburgo
Malta Polonia Portugal Reino Unido República Checa
República Eslovaca Rumanía Suecia Islandia Liechtenstein
Noruega

*Puede solicitarse en todos los países miembros del Espacio Económico Europeo que son los países de la UE más Islandia, Liechtenstein y Noruega.

4. ¿Qué tengo que hacer una vez regrese?

Para que la persona pueda cobrar el paro una vez regrese del país extranjero debe reunir dos condiciones:

  • Cotizar en España una vez haya regresado
  • Reunir los requisitos para acogerse a la prestación

Cotizar de nuevo en España

Como hemos mencionado anteriormente, la persona que vuelve de un país de la UE en el que ha estado trabajando, no puede solicitar el paro, sino que primero debe cotizar en España para que pueda encontrarse en situación legal de desempleo y pueda tramitarlo, independientemente de que ya cuente con las cotizaciones suficientes para acceder al paro (360 días)

Por tanto, la persona tiene que ser contratada nuevamente en territorio nacional y cotizar por desempleo.

Ten en cuenta que si te contratan a tiempo parcial, esto repercute en la cuantía de la prestación después,  pues se va a ver reducida proporcionalmente a tiempo trabajado y no podrás cobrar el 100%.

Cumplir los requisitos de acceso a la prestación

Recordemos que los requisitos para cobrar el paro son:

  • Estar en situación legal de desempleo
  • Haber cotizado al menos 360 días en los seis años anteriores a la solicitud
  • Estar dado de alta previamente en la oficina de empleo como demandante.

Prestación contributiva

5. El subsidio por insuficiencia de cotización

En el caso de que el trabajador no reúna los 360 días de cotización sumando todos los periodos en España y en el extranjero, podrá solicitar el subsidio por insuficiencia de cotización en lugar de la prestación contributiva si cumple con los siguientes requisitos:

Si escoges esta opción, perderás las cotizaciones a cambio de cobrar esta ayuda, y es importante que valores si es oportuno solicitarla o esperarse a reunir los 360 días y acceder a la prestación contributiva.

Toda la información que necesitas la encontrarás en el siguiente enlace:

Subsidio por insuficiencia de cotización

6. ¿En qué situaciones no tengo que volver a cotizar en España?

Existen determinados supuestos en los que no será necesario volver a cotizar en España para pedir una prestación por desempleo:

Si suspendió el paro antes de marcharse

En este caso no será necesario cotizar de nuevo,  pues en el caso de haber suspendido el paro antes de salir de España, puede solicitar la reanudación de la prestación una vez regrese.

Si ha trabajado en un país que no es de la UE

Si la persona ha cotizado en un país que no pertenece al Espacio Económico Europeo EEE o  en uno en el que no exista un convenio de protección por desempleo puede solicitar el subsidio para emigrantes retornados sin necesidad de tener que cotizar en España a su vuelta.

Subsidio para emigrantes retornados

Si ya está cobrando el paro del país extranjero

En el caso de que el trabajador decida regresar a España y esté percibiendo la prestación contributiva del país en el que se encuentra, tiene la posibilidad de exportar el paro durante tres meses a España y prorrogarlo tres meses mas.

Toda la información:

Exportar el paro

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