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¿Puedo trabajar y cobrar el paro?

puedo trabajar y cobrar el paro

Trabajar y cobrar el paro pueden parecer dos situaciones incompatibles, aunque no es del todo cierto. De hecho existe la posibilidad de cobrar la prestación contributiva o el subsidio por desempleo mientras mantenemos una relación laboral en algunos supuestos. Veamos cuáles son.

1. Compatibilidad de la prestación contributiva y el trabajo

Para saber si podríamos compatibilizar el trabajo con la prestación contributiva (”el paro”) deberá tenerse en cuenta el tipo de jornada que estamos desempeñando en la empresa.

A. Jornada completa

Si la persona está realizando un trabajo a jornada completa, el pago de la prestación contributiva será del todo incompatible y así lo establece la normativa reguladora.

El cobro de un prestación por desempleo y el trabajo a jornada completa es incompatible

En este caso, el beneficiario de la prestación por desempleo tiene que interrumpir el cobro en el momento en el que inicie un trabajo por cuenta ajena a jornada completa.

Si finalmente termina la relación laboral de forma involuntaria podrá de nuevo reanudarla si ha cotizado menos de 360 días, ya que en el caso de que hubiera cotizado más de 360 días tendrá lo que se conoce como el derecho de opción, que significa que podrá optar entre reanudar la prestación anterior al trabajo realizado o solicitar el reconocimiento de una nueva prestación por desempleo teniendo en cuenta las nuevas cotizaciones.

Es importante que el trabajo finalice de forma involuntaria, pues una baja voluntaria no da derecho al cobro de prestaciones porque el trabajador no queda en situación legal de desempleo y por tanto, no cumple los requisitos para acceder a la protección por desempleo.

B. Tiempo parcial

En el caso de que la persona beneficiaria de la prestación por desempleo acepte un trabajo parcial por cuenta ajena,  podrá compatibilizar ambas cosas.

Para ello, deberá contar con un contrato a tiempo parcial que no alcance la totalidad de la jornada laboral, es decir, las 40 horas semanales, ya que de ser así, estaríamos ante una jornada completa que no da derecho a compatibilizar el trabajo con la prestación por desempleo.

El cobro de prestaciones por desempleo y el trabajo a tiempo parcial sí que son compatibles

Ahora bien, la cuantía a percibir por la prestación contributiva no será la misma que la que se venía cobrando, sino que se verá reducida proporcionalmente a la jornada que trabaje.

Así por ejemplo, una persona que esté cobrando 1200 euros y empiece a trabajar a media jornada (cuatro horas), verá reducida su prestación en un 50%, pasando a percibir 600 euros mensuales.

Deberá tenerse en cuenta también que esas cantidades que se dejan de percibir no conllevan a que se alargue la duración de la prestación, sino que seguirá siendo la misma, independientemente de la reducción que se haya efectuado.

2. La prestación contributiva y el trabajo por cuenta propia

Con el objetivo de fomentar el empleo y la incorporación al mercado laboral de los jóvenes, los menores de 30 años que inicien una actividad por cuenta propia podrán compatibilizar la actividad con el cobro de la prestación por desempleo durante nueve meses.

Es posible compatibilizar el paro con el inicio de la actividad por cuenta propia durante nueve meses si tienes menos de 30 años

Además, en el caso de que su proyecto resulte inviable, podrá reanudar la prestación por desempleo cuando finalice su actividad.

Para conocer todas las ayudas estatales para jóvenes pinche aquí.

También puedes consultar las ayudas para autónomos y emprendedores en el siguiente enlace:

Ayudas para autónomos

3. Emprender y el cobro de la prestación contributiva

Un trabajador que haya suscrito un contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores también podrá compatibilizar el paro, aunque verá reducida en un 25% la cuantía reconocida en la prestación.

Para que pueda compatibilizarse, es necesario que el trabajador lo solicite expresamente durante los primeros quince días del inicio de la actividad laboral.

Podrá compatibilizar ambas cosas durante todo el tiempo que le reste para finalizar la prestación.

4. Compatibilidad del subsidio por desempleo y el trabajo

Las condiciones para poder compatibilizar una relación laboral y el subsidio por desempleo son prácticamente iguales que para la prestación contributiva, es decir, el trabajo a jornada completa imposibilita de forma total poder percibir un subsidio por desempleo.

Para aquellas personas que inicien un trabajo a jornada parcial podrán continuar percibiendo la cuantía correspondiente al subsidio por desempleo, que igualmente se verá reducida proporcionalmente a la jornada trabajada. También tendrá la opción de suspenderlo.

Eso sí, en este caso, es importante destacar que si el salario del trabajador supera el 75% del salario mínimo interprofesional SMI, no podrá seguir cobrándolo por superar el límite de ingresos permitido para poder acogerse a una prestación asistencial, es decir, que la persona no cumpliría el requisito de la carencia de rentas imprescindible para cobrar un subsidio por desempleo.

El subsidio por desempleo puede compatibilizarse con el trabajo a tiempo parcial siempre el salario no supere el 75% del SMI

Al igual que ocurre con la prestación contributiva, el trabajador una vez finalice su relación laboral podrá reanudar el subsidio si lo interrumpió al inicio del trabajo.

Si hubiera cotizado por más de 360 días en el trabajo, podrá solicitar la prestación contributiva o el subsidio por insuficiencia de cotización si ha trabajado al menos tres meses y posee responsabilidades familiares.

5. Las personas mayores de 55 años

Las personas mayores de 55 años podrán compatibilizar un trabajo a tiempo completo con el subsidio por desempleo si cuentan con un contrato de carácter indefinido o de al menos tres meses de duración.

En este caso, la cuantía del subsidio se verá reducida en un 50%. Existen algunas excepciones a esta regla general como son los contratos de inserción o aquellos que forman parte del Programas de Fomento del Empleo Agrario o empresas con un ERE.

Este supuesto de compatibilidad deberá ser autorizado por el SEPE.

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