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El preaviso en la baja voluntaria

preaviso baja voluntaria

Cuando un trabajador va a causar baja voluntaria en una empresa, tiene que respetar un plazo de preaviso para no causar ningún perjuicio a la misma. A continuación te contamos todo lo que debes saber acerca del preaviso de la baja voluntaria.

1. Días de preaviso en la baja voluntaria

Cuando un trabajador tiene que comunicar a la empresa su decisión de causar baja voluntaria en su puesto de trabajo, tiene que respetar el preaviso que se establezca en el Convenio Colectivo o, en su caso, el que recoja el propio contrato de trabajo.

En caso de que no se establezca nada ni por Convenio ni por Contrato, el preaviso debe hacerse con 15 días de antelación.

Si el trabajador no cumple con este preaviso, el empresario puede restar del finiquito los días de preaviso que no se hayan respetado, e incluso reclamárselos a este si el descuento resulta ser mayor que el propio finiquito.

Es muy importante cumplir con los días de preaviso establecidos, o el empresario podrá restar del finiquito los días que no se hayan respetado.

El trabajador tiene que estar especialmente atento al plazo de preaviso establecido, ya que en algunos casos las consecuencias pueden ser bastante graves para este. En el caso del Convenio Colectivo estatal de enseñanza y formación no reglada, por ejemplo, se prevé un aviso de 30 días, y en caso de que el trabajador no lo respete, el empresario podrá restar 2 días del finiquito por cada día del preaviso que no se haya respetado.

2. ¿15 días hábiles o naturales?

En el caso del preaviso por baja voluntaria, los 15 días que han de respetarse, si no establece otra cosa ni el Convenio ni el contrato, son días naturales. Es decir, hay que contar todos los días, ya sean laborales o no.

Hay que tener en cuenta que en el Convenio o el Contrato no solo se podrá establecer que sean días laborables, sino que se puede disponer otro plazo de preaviso que no sea de 15 días.

3. Modelo de carta de preaviso de baja voluntaria

Si tienes dudas acerca de cómo comunicar a tu empresa tu decisión de causar baja voluntaria, puedes ayudarte del modelo que ponemos a tu disposición a continuación:

COMUNICACIÓN DE BAJA VOLUNTARIA

A la empresa: (aquí debes poner el nombre de tu empresa, que es la destinataria)

Dirección: (en este apartado debes poner la dirección completa de la empresa)

(Tu nombre y tus apellidos), trabajador/a de la empresa cuyos datos encabezan el presente escrito, les comunico mi intención de causar baja voluntaria en la misma, el día (aquí debes poner la fecha exacta en que pretendes abandonar tu puesto en la empresa).

Según lo establecido por la normativa vigente, les hago esta comunicación respetando los 15 días laborables de antelación que se establecen en el Convenio Colectivo (aquí debes poner el nombre del Convenio aplicable al sector. En este caso hemos puesto de ejemplo que el Convenio recoge un preaviso de 15 días laborables, pero recuerda que si no se establece nada, serían 15 días naturales).

A tales efectos, les ruego preparen para la fecha indicada el finiquito que me corresponde. Para cualquier aclaración al respecto, me encuentro a su disposición.

En (ciudad) a (fecha)

Firma del Trabajador                                                                      Firma de la Empresa (una vez recibida                                                                                                                la comunicación)

4. Finiquito baja voluntaria

Cuando el trabajador presenta a la empresa la baja voluntaria, no tiene derecho a que la empresa le pague indemnización alguna, pero sí el finiquito que a este le corresponda.

Tal como se ha visto anteriormente, si el trabajador no respeta algunos días de preaviso, la empresa podrá descontarle esos días del finiquito.

Pues bien, el último día de trabajo, la empresa tiene que poner a disposición del trabajador su propuesta de liquidación. Es muy importante, ante cualquier duda, que el trabajador ponga en el finiquito las palabras «no conforme», ya que solo en este caso podrá proceder a reclamar después. Finalmente tendrá que poner la fecha y firmar el finiquito.

Se puede dar el caso de que la empresa adeude cantidades al trabajador que pone en su conocimiento su intención de causar baja voluntaria. Aunque el trabajador vaya a dejar la empresa de forma voluntaria, este tiene derecho a reclamar esas deudas, por lo cual es especialmente importante firmar en finiquito bajo la expresión de «no conforme».

Si deseas calcular tu finiquito, en este artículo te explicamos cómo hacerlo:

Cómo calcular tu finiquito

5. ¿Es posible retractarse tras el preaviso de baja voluntaria?

Depende del momento del que se trate. Hasta que llega la fecha en que se solicitó que tuviera efectos la baja voluntaria, o lo que es lo mismo, durante el tiempo de preaviso, la relación laboral continúa vigente. Por lo tanto, durante este período de tiempo, el trabajador puede retractarse sin ningún problema de la baja voluntaria.

La empresa tiene que aceptar el cambio de opinión del trabajador, salvo que con ello se le cause algún prejuicio, por ejemplo, porque ya hubiera contratado a otro trabajador para sustituirle. Si no acepta lo que desea el trabajador y no justifica la razón, se consideraría la situación como un despido improcedente.

Más información

Baja voluntaria: tiempo para comunicarla y carta modelo

 

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