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El contrato indefinido de apoyo a los emprendedores

Según el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal, los emprendedores junto con la pequeña y mediana empresa constituyen más del 95% del tejido productivo nacional. A consecuencia de la crisis económica, en 2012 se aprobó la ley de medidas urgentes para la reforma del mercado laboral, a través de la cual se establecieron medidas para fomentar la contratación de forma estable a la vez que se potenciaban las iniciativas empresariales. De este modo se pusieron en marcha diversas bonificaciones y deducciones fiscales para aquellos emprendedores y PYMES que suscribieran un contrato de trabajo indefinido con sus trabajadores.

apoyo emprendedores
Tríptico informativo del contrato de apoyo a emprendedores (SEPE)

1. Características del contrato

En cuanto a las características del contrato, deberán tenerse en cuenta las siguientes consideraciones:

El contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores podrá suscribirse hasta que el paro en España se sitúe por debajo del 15%.
Debe celebrarse por tiempo indefinido y debe redactarse por escrito.
La jornada laboral podrá ser a tiempo parcial o completa.
El período de prueba no podrá ser inferior a un año y no podrá imponerse cuando el trabajador ya haya prestado sus servicios en la empresa desempeñando las mismas funciones.
El contrato se rige por el Estatuto de los Trabajadores y los Convenios Colectivos del sector a que afecte.
Únicamente podrán contratar aquellas empresas que cuenten con menos de 50 trabajadores.

2. Compatibilidad con el paro

Si el trabajador que suscribe el contrato está siendo beneficiario de la prestación por desempleo desde hace al menos tres meses, podrá continuar percibiéndola mientras presta sus servicios en la empresa, lo que se conoce como compatibilizar el paro. La cuantía de la prestación se reducirá hasta el 25% que podrá compatibilizar con la percepción del salario.  Para ello, el trabajador deberá solicitarlo en el plazo de quince días desde el inicio de la relación laboral.

La compatibilidad se mantendrá durante el tiempo que le reste para finalizar el cobro de la prestación.

En aquellos casos en los que el trabajador cese en su puesto de trabajo y se encuentre en una situación legal de desempleo podrá:

  1.  Solicitar de nuevo el derecho a la prestación contributiva, siempre que haya cotizado al menos 360 días.
  2. Podrá reanudar la prestación que quedó pendiente de percibir si no solicitó su compatibilidad en el momento del inicio de la actividad.
  3. También podrá optar al subsidio por insuficiencia de cotización si no reúne los requisitos para cobrar el paro.

3. Incentivos

Los incentivos aplicables a las empresas y autónomos que suscriban un contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores son las siguientes:

A. Fiscales

A nivel fiscal el empresario cuenta con los siguientes incentivos fiscales para este tipo de contratación:

  • La empresa podrá deducirse 3000 euros de la cuota íntegra del período impositivo a la finalización del año de prueba del primer trabajador contratado que sea menor de 30 años.
  • Si el empresario contrata una persona que se halle en situación de desempleo y esté siendo beneficiario de la prestación contributiva, tendrá derecho a una deducción del 50% en la cuota íntegra del período impositivo del menor de los importes siguientes:
    • La cuantía pendiente de cobrar de la prestación por desempleo en el momento que suscribe el contrato con la empresa.
    • El importe de doce mensualidades de la prestación por desempleo. Para ello será necesario que el trabajador:
      1. Ya haya cobrado el paro al menos durante tres meses.
      2. Presente al empresario un certificado emitido por el SEPE en el que se reflejen las cantidades que tiene pendientes de percibir.

En este caso hay que señalar que la deducción tendrá efectos a la finalización del período de prueba que debe ser de un año como mínimo tal y como señalábamos anteriormente.

Las deducciones fiscales citadas podrán aplicarse hasta que la empresa cuente con cincuenta trabajadores.

B. Bonificaciones

Se establecen bonificaciones durante tres años en las cuotas empresariales a la Seguridad Social para los jóvenes desempleados inscritos como demandantes de empleo en el SEPE y los mayores de 45 años:

Jóvenes

  1. Durante el primer año tendrán una bonificación de 83,33 euros mensuales (1.000 euros anuales)
  2. El segundo año se corresponderá con 91,97 euros mensuales (1.100 euros anuales)
  3. Durante el tercer año la bonificación alcanza los 100 euros mensuales (1.200 euros anuales)

Los jóvenes tienen que tener edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 30 años.

En el caso de que el empresario contrate a una mujer en aquel sector en el que esté menos representada las cuantías se incrementarán en 8,33 euros mensuales (100 euros anuales)

Mayores de 45 años

El empresario que contrate a mayores de 45 años tendrá una bonificación de 108,33 euros al mes (1.300 euros anuales). Al igual que con los jóvenes, si contrata a una mujer en un sector en el que esté menos representada, la cuantía será de 125 euros al mes (1.500 euros anuales).

4. Obligaciones de la empresa

El trabajador contratado deberá mantenerse en su puesto de trabajo durante tres años como mínimo desde el inicio de la actividad. Además, el nivel de empleo en la empresa a través del contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores deberá mantenerse como mínimo un año ya que de incumplir estas obligaciones el empresario deberá reintegrar aquellos incentivos de los que se hubiera beneficiado.

Hay que tener en cuenta que si la relación laboral cesa por causas objetivas reguladas legalmente o por despido disciplinario no se considerará incumplimiento de las obligaciones por parte del empresario. Igualmente ocurrirá cuando se extinga el contrato por:

  1. Dimisión.
  2. Muerte.
  3. Jubilación.
  4. Incapacidad permanente total, absoluta o gran invalidez del trabajador.
  5. Expiración del tiempo pactado o finalización de la obra o servicio que hubiera sido objeto del contrato.

5. Excepciones

Finalmente señalar que las empresas que hubieran adoptado despidos calificados como improcedentes en los seis meses anteriores de la celebración del contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores no podrán suscribirlo.

Más información:

Para conocer todas las ayudas existentes para el fomento del empleo y de protección al desempleado consulta nuestra guía definitiva para el año 2015

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