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Solicitar baja por paternidad: duración y prestaciones

baja por paternidad

La baja por paternidad es el permiso al que los empleados tienen derecho cuando, debido al nacimiento de un hijo, la actividad laboral se suspende por cierta cantidad de días establecidos en la ley. En este artículo te explicamos con detalle cómo solicitar la baja por paternidad y la cantidad de días a los que tienes derecho.

1. ¿Cómo solicitar a baja por paternidad?

El permiso por paternidad es un subsidio que se concede a todos aquellos trabajadores que solicitan la baja por el nacimiento de un hijo así como por la adopción del mismo. El trámite de solicitud se realiza directamente en el Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social INSS o, en el caso de trabajadores del mar, en el Instituto Social de la Marina.

Documentos necesarios para solicitar el permiso por paternidad

Para realizar esta solicitud deberás acudir a un Centro de Atención e Información de la Seguridad Social con los siguientes documentos:

Por nacimiento

  • Solicitud cumplimentada, descarga el modelo de solicitud en PDF para presentarlo.
  • Libro de Familia o el certificado de inscripción del hijo.
  • DNI en el caso de ser españoles, NIE en el caso de ser extranjeros y pasaporte si además se trata de un solicitante extracomunitario.

Por adopción o acogimiento 

  • Todos los documentos mencionados anteriormente.
  • Resolución judicial en la que se concede la adopción o la tutela. En casos de acogida se debe presentar la resolución judicial o administrativa que da lugar a la acogida.

Otros documentos que podrían solicitarse 

  • Si hay discapacidad del menor, deberá presentarse el certificado del Imserso u órgano competente autonómico que acredite dicha discapacidad.
  • Título de familia numerosa si es el caso o el justificante de solicitud del mismo.
  • Si la familia ha pasado a ser monoparental por defunción de la madre o abandono, se deben presentar los documentos que acrediten esta condición.

En el caso de los trabajadores de jornada a tiempo parcial, los empleados fijos discontinuos, quienes perciben prestaciones por incapacidad temporal o prestaciones por desempleo y los trabajadores autónomos, pueden consultar la documentación específica necesaria en el siguiente enlace de la Seguridad Social:

Documentación para estos casos

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2. Duración de la baja por paternidad

La duración de la baja por paternidad es de 4 semanas ininterrumpidas a los que deberán sumarse 2 días extra a partir del segundo hijo en adelante.

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3. ¿Cuándo puedo solicitar la baja por paternidad?

La baja puede solicitarse desde que finaliza el permiso de 2 días concedido por el nacimiento de un hijo, o después que se concede la adopción o el acogimiento, hasta que finaliza la baja por maternidad o inmediatamente después que la misma culmina. Este es el plazo fijado por ley para recibir la prestación por paternidad.

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4. Requisitos para cobrar la prestación por paternidad

  • Estar dado de alta en la Seguridad Social.
  • Tener cotizados al menos 180 días en los 7 años anteriores a la fecha de inicio del permiso o haber cotizado anteriormente 360 días a lo largo de su vida laboral.
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5. ¿Cuánto es la prestación por paternidad?

El subsidio durante los días que el empleado estará de permiso equivale al 100% de la base reguladora.

Para hacer este cálculo el empleado deberá tomar como referencia su última nómina y dividir su sueldo bruto mensual (el salario antes de que se apliquen las retenciones) entre 30 días. La cantidad obtenida por día deberá multiplicarse por los días de baja, generalmente 13 o 20 más 2 días extras a partir del segundo hijo.

El resultado obtenido será la prestación por paternidad.

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6. ¿Si adopto tengo derecho al permiso de paternidad?

En el caso de adopciones o acogimientos, solo uno de los padres podrá disfrutar de la baja o permiso por paternidad y serán los interesados quienes deberán elegir cual de los dos padres lo hace. Sin embargo, una vez que el progenitor elegido haya disfrutado por completo de la baja, se puede solicitar el subsidio por paternidad y recibir la paga correspondiente siempre que se cumplan los requisitos exigidos por ley.

*Información actualizada a Enero de 2022

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