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Exoneración de deudas con La ley de la segunda oportunidad

Hace tan solo unos días que ha sido aprobado por el gobierno nacional la ley de la segunda oportunidad, según han explicado miembros del ejecutivo, esta ley tiene el fin de «devolver a los españoles algunos de los esfuerzos de la crisis y ampliar la mejoría económica a los sectores más vulnerables».

Con la aprobación de la ley se pretende complementar a la nueva ayuda del Programa de activación de empleo y ayudar a salir de la pobreza a numerosas familias de una forma más sencilla y rápida a través de la exoneración de las deudas. Sin embargo, son muchas las condiciones que hay que cumplir para que la persona puede liberarse completamente de las deudas. Uno de los aspectos que más controversia provoca es la revocación de la deuda en los cinco años posteriores a la decisión judicial, un ejemplo sería que la situación financiera de la persona fuese mucho mejor.

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Requisitos para beneficiarte de la ley de segunda oportunidad

Los requisitos para que una persona puede beneficiarse de la ley de segunda oportunidad que ha sido recientemente aprobada por el Gobierno son los siguientes:

  • Ser una persona física
  • Que considere que no puede pagar las deudas. Este concurso no incluye a las hipotecas.
  • Estar dentro de un concurso de acreedores personal

El juez es el encargado de decir decretar la conclusión del concurso que puede ser por liquidación o por insuficiencia de la masa activa. Esto quiere decir que la persona actúa de buena fe y que no paga porque realmente no tiene dinero.

¿Qué significa actuar de buena fe?

Las condiciones para que se considere que una persona actúa con buena fe son las siguientes:

  • Que durante el concurso no haya sido declarado culpable. Para que un concurso sea declarado culpable el juez debe decidir si el hecho de no poder pagar las deudas se debe a una culpa grave de la persona deudora, es decir, que la deuda se ha generado a propósito.
  • Que la persona que tiene las deudas no haya sido condenado en los últimos 10 años, por algún delito contra el orden socioeconómico, contra el patrimonio, que haya falseado documentos, que haya actuado contra la Hacienda Pública y la Seguridad Social o en contra de los derechos de los trabajadores.
  • Que el deudor haya intentado obtener un acuerdo fuera del juicio para pagar.
  • Que haya pagado en su totalidad las hipotecas o las deudas posteriores al concursos, también llamados créditos contra la masa.
  • Haber intentado un acuerdo extrajudicial para pagar el 25% de los créditos concursales ordinarios.

Esta última condición va a quedar fuera si:

  1. El deudor acepta un plan de pagos para los créditos que no hayan sido exonerados durante un plazo de cinco años.
  2. El deudor cumple las obligaciones que tiene en la colaboración con la administración concursar.
  3. Si en los últimos 10 años no ha llegado a beneficiarse de la esta ley.
  4. Y si no ha rechazado una oferta de empleo durante los últimos 4 años que haya estado acorde a su capacidad.

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¿Qué ocurre con las hipotecas en la ley de segunda oportunidad?

La hipoteca se mantiene fuera del concurso de acreedores personal, pero el real decreto que ha sido aprobado por el ejecutivo el pasado 27 de febrero de 2015, establece que la parte de la hipoteca que no llegue a ser cubierta con la entrada del inmueble queda exonerada, al igual que los demás créditos en el caso de que se cumplan las condiciones que citadas anteriormente.

Los bienes gananciales y la deuda:

Si un matrimonio está viviendo en régimen de gananciales, el beneficio es para las deudas que hayan sido fruto del matrimonio por lo que afecta a ambos cónyuges. En cuanto a los que hayan avalado el préstamo hipotecario deberán seguir pagando las deudas con los bancos aunque se haya entregado el inmueble.

¿Qué deudas quedan fuera de esta ley?

Hay una serie de deudas que quedan fuera de la ley de segunda oportunidad y son las siguientes:

  • Las deudas que hayan sido contraídas con la administración pública como pueden ser los pagos a Hacienda o a la Seguridad Social en el caso de los autónomos.
  • Las deudas por alimentos que hayan sido derivadas por una sentencia de divorcio.
  • Y las deudas hipotecarias que hayan sido incluidas en alguna de las categorías distintas al crédito ordinario.

La persona deudora tiene cinco años para pagar estas deudas pero teniendo en cuenta que no van a generar los intereses durante este plazo. Para que esto ocurra hay que presentar un plan de pago que debe ser aprobado por el propio juez. Por cierto, las deudas con la propia administración van a quedar fuera ya que se van regir por su propia normativa así que será la propia administración la encargada de decidir cómo se abonan esas deudas.

Ampliar información

Para ampliar información sobre la nueva ley de segunda oportunidad es recomendable acudir a algunas de estas fuentes o bien deja un comentario y uno de nuestros especialistas te responderá lo antes posible:

  • BOE del sábado 28 de febrero de 1015
  • La Moncloa, 27 de febrero de 2015

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